The Negative Effects of Violence on TV Essay Free Essays

The entirety of power on broadcasting presents is inacceptable. The stuff that you see on shows that are â€Å"supposedly for kids† simply don’t appear it. As increasingly more vicious broadcasting shows and plans are disclosed each individual dim. We will compose a custom paper test on The Negative Effects of Violence on TV Essay or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now childs are influenced by it in a negative way. Surveies have demonstrated that revelations of power to childs at early ages will affect them intellectually. They will either get down to accept nil of power. or on the other hand be over-scared in light of what he/she may hold seen on Television. The Television stations ought to non be permitted to uncover this kind of stuff and power to childs at such early ages. due to the delayed consequences it will hang on the young people and children. Above all else. there is way too much power on broadcasting whether it is on some chief clasp channel. or on the other hand even a Saturday forenoon sketch plan. For some chief clasp Television appears. there are three to five hours rough Acts of the Apostless per hr. For each Saturday plan for childs. there are around twenty to 25 rough Acts of the Apostless per hr. ( Frazier ) This shows how much power there is on â€Å"children shows† . In an example for the National Television Violence Study. it was discovered that around 60 for each centum of ten-thousand broadcasting plans contained brutal stuff. ( Kunkel ) That is a bunch! That overview â€Å"identified a standard of 6. 000 vicious connections in an individual hebdomad of programming over the 23 channels that were inspected. counting both communicate and abroad wire networks. The greater part of the fierce shows ( 53 % ) contained destructive Acts of the Apostless. what's more, one of every four of the plans with power ( 25 % ) delineated the use of a weapon. ( Kunkel ) That implies that the main part of broadcasting appears. regardless of whether for kids or non. will hold power on that arrangement the greater part the time. ) Statisticss other than indicated that the mean arrangement for kids all the more often contained more power so the mean Adult Television. Indeed, even in some â€Å"G† appraised films. there is power. That is too much undesirable especially due with the impacts it causes. Presently. in the event that you put that detail alongside how much children sit in front of the Television day by day. â€Å"An mean American child tickers broadcasting 21-23 hours for every hebdomad. ( Frazier ) That implies per hebdomad. 60 for every centum of those 20s or so hours will hold something fierce that will hold a negative outcome on the children. Other than. blending to the American Psychiatric Association in 1996. youngsters will hold saw 10. 000 phony slayings and 200. 000 Acts of the Apostless of power by the age of 18. ( Frazier ) Besides rehashed introduction to drive from broadcasting is undesirable for the child’s character. With childs being around power while viewing â€Å"kid’s shows† . â€Å"the youngster turns out to be less delicate towards its consequences for casualties and the human suffering it causes. ( Boyse ) Exploration has demonstrated in the past mature ages that the power on broadcasts so has a negative result on kids. Examination from the National Institute of Mental Health in 1982. power is said to take to forceful conduct by children and young people. Indeed, even before this. one of the most notable surveies done in 1963 by Bandura demonstrated that power has a significant outcome on the individuals that see it. â€Å"He had a gathering of children see a Television image of a hypothetical record who kicked and rebuffed a hyperbolic plastic doll. After the screening. the children were set in an uproar live with different children who had non seen the image. Those that saw the image showed essentially more forceful conduct than the individuals who didn’t. † Other surveies demonstrated that childs who saw rough sketchs had a high chance to non partition their toys with others. Another overview made in 1972 with Liebert and Baron. affirmed the discoveries of Bandura. â€Å"This overview researched children’s ability to hurt different children subsequent to sing forceful Television plans. Two gatherings of children viewed an alternate Television plan. one of which had forceful substance and one of which was generic. The individuals who saw the forceful arrangement ( The Untouchables ) were seen as all the more ready to hurt another child in the wake of sing the arrangement than the individuals who viewed the indifferent arrangement ( a way race ) . † ( Frazier ) These destructive impacts from the power depicted on broadcasting are gathered into three essential classs ; â€Å"children’s securing of forceful perspectives and practices ; desensitization. or then again an expanded cruelty towards casualties of power ; and expanded or exaggerated fear of being defrauded forcibly. While these impacts reflect foreboding outcomes. it is the first †an expanded inclining for vicious conduct †that is at the core of open health worry about broadcast power. † ( Kunkel ) Back to desensitization. â€Å"According to the article â€Å"Media Violence. † the American media shows legends legitimately using power as an organization to choose battle. The American Academy of Pediatrics site recommends that attracted out presentation to this kind of power augmentations assurance of power as an organization of maintain trip sources of income. The 1995 to 1997 AAP National Television Study demonstrated that 61 for each centum of programming â€Å"portrayed relational power. quite a bit of it in an engaging or glamorized mode. † Children are attracted to such planning when the vicious demonstration appears to be phantasmagoric and the lack of impact alluring. † ( Adams ) He other than expressed that power is both disinfected. â€Å"By purified. prompt harming and distress by survivors of power is remembered for not exactly 50% of all scenes of power. In excess of a third of savage communications delineate ridiculously mellow injury to casualties. horribly limiting the disagreeableness of hurt that would occur from such activities in the existent universe. In sum. most word pictures clean power by doing it appear to be significantly less excruciating and less hurtful than it really is. By glamorized. I imply that power is performed by alluring capacity hypothetical records who are much of the time advocated for moving strongly and who endure no remorse. horrible judgment. or on the other hand discipline for their vicious conduct. In excess of a third of all power is submitted by alluring characters. what's more, more than 66% of the power they submit happens with no characteristics of punishment. † ( Kunkel ) One other employment children may go up against is overexposure to compel. â€Å"Overexposure to constrain. what's more, unconventionally practically portrayed power. may take children to accept that the universe is mainly a risky and unreliable topographic point. They may get down to misrepresent the likelihood that they will be survivors of power. go forthing them with undue uneasiness and accentuation. ( Frazier ) Other than doing passionate employments. it can do some damage to a child’s turning character or moral thought processes. â€Å"Sigmund Freud accepted that children need to build up a feeling of profound quality by the age of five or they could see inconveniences further down the road. In the event that a child doesn’t figure out how to comprehend the contrast among rig ht and inaccurate. she will non build up an appropriate fear of blame or contrition. what's more, will in this manner be bound to indict indiscreetly in practices that are considered socially and ethically erroneous. The article â€Å"Children. Youths. what's more, Television† states that examination has indicated broadcasting power to hold a negative result on the scholastic open introduction. sexual orientation. natural structure builds. what's more, mental self views of youthful survey crowds. which can take to brutal or forceful conduct and substance abuse. † ( Adams ) Nowadays. with these â€Å"reality shows† on MTV. The E Network. and so on it’s simple and typical to see power. Childs that watch â€Å"The Kardashians† and â€Å"Teen Mom† see their preferred acclaimed people act in a way that is amateurish on broadcasting. however, they don’t know better. They need to be just similar to them. Network shows like those truly use power and â€Å"incidents† to help raise their assessment and notoriety. ( Caning ) With these psychological impacts caused from unreasonably much screening of power. this demonstrates how broadcasting planning should be progressively delicate for the substance made for kids. In add-on. guardians ought to other than look for and loan in filtrating what their children watch on broadcasting. There are distinctive stairss you can take. that would perchance be able to let your child to non be presented to such power on Television appears. You can look for and watch broadcasting with your childs. That way. you’ll realize what they watch. what's more, you can order the substance. ( Boyse ) Other choices incorporate seeing the substance of the arrangement or perhaps simply appointing them a shorter entirety of clasp to stare at the Television. In any event that way. there is a littler open door for power in the littler clasp space. ( Frazier ) One other great way to keep up your child’s mind off of broadcasting is look for and gain them included like different exercises. Sports. perusing. occupations. and so on ; anything like that. Another great idea is look for and address your childs about power in media. On the off chance that you can explain to them why power is mistaken. so you can be increasingly reduced and swear them. ( Boyse ) Good conveying is cardinal. In the event that you attempt to change over to your child that you are only looking to be concerned and mindful. they’ll comprehend the point you are looking to do. In choice. I accept that children merit better than what is by and by going on. As their capacity hypothetical records. we have to help do their â€Å"future† safe. We have to restrict all power from children’s booking. TV slots shouldn’t be permitted to uncover improper stuff and power to

Career Development Essay

Vocation Development Essay Bounce to: Phases of Career Development | Career Development System | Steps for Career Development Plan | How to Create a Career Plan | Career Plan Example | Conclusions and Recommendations Presentation At the point when we were kids, all of us where considering being something or having explicit occupation later on. A considerable lot of us were thinking to be specialists, educators, police officer, pilot and so forth But arriving at these positions or landed these positions won't be simple without comprehending what are we acceptable at and what are simply the ears that we need to develop ourselves in. Likewise in the event that we need to land these positions or positions we ought to have objectives and we need to fill in as hard as possible to achieve these objectives. All of us ought to have a vocation plan at the top of the priority list when we move on from colleges or composition or even before that when we move on from secondary school in light of the fact that having plan is consistently spur us to study, work and create ourselves so as to accomplish and achieve our arrangement. At the point when we land our first position we ought to request profession advancement plan and it will be greatly improved on the off chance that we could draw this arrangement ourselves since we realize what our qualities and shortcoming and we recognize what are the best trainings and projects we should take so as to develop ourselves. Vocation advancement is significant angle in our working life and individual life. In our working life its significant on the grounds that nobody of us needs or wishes to remain and a similar activity and a similar situation for ever, without creating or having the profession advancement plan we won't have the option to develop ourselves and get advanced. In our own life it is imperative to have profession advancement plan we will have the option to make our families and companions cheerful and pleased with us on the grounds that by having the vocation improvement plan we will have the option to arrive at our objectives that we have consistently dream of. This paper is discussing the vocation improvement and profession advancement plan and how it is significant for the representatives and the associations. Profession DEVELOPMENT Presently days there are numerous individuals change their professions more than one time in their lives. For these individuals who change their profession for multiple occasions, they should know and comprehend the significant of the vocation improvement. (John Groth) The vocation advancement is the proper methodology utilized by the association to assist individuals with getting the right stuff and encounters expected to perform present and future employments. (R. Wayne Mondy) The profession improvement process is the investigating of your abilities and what are your qualities and shortcoming. Vocation improvement is additionally similar to an arrangement you plan it yourself to help you ahead of time through your profession. (John Groth) The Roles of the Managers and the Employees in the Career Development (R. Wayne Mondy) Administrators Assessing the Performance Instructing and Supporting Controlling and Counseling Giving Feedback Providing Information Workers Self Assessment Social event Data Defining Goals Working with Supervisor Creating Plan THE THREE STAGES OF THE CAREER DEVELOPMENT: The First Stage is the Bring It in front of an audience: this is the primary stage in the profession life. The age of the individuals in this stage is from the mid 20s to the mid 30s. Individuals in this phase of their profession advancement are extremely dynamic, solid and incredible. They decide to transform the universe of work. The vast majority of the individuals in this stage feel that they are extremely solid and ready to do all that they requested additionally they can make what they need to occur. Achievement and potential outcomes are boundless during this stage. (Dan Strakal) The Second Stage is the Realistic Stage: the age of the individuals in this stage is from the mid 30s to mid 40s. During this stage explicit qualities and profession real factors start to come out. At the purpose of the profession advancement, individuals of this stage feel that the qualities could make a contention between picking needs in their work life and their home lives. Subsequent to going through 10 to 15 years in the workforce, individuals in this stage feel that they may not having the option to do what they were intending to by any means, since some of them are feeling that they are not controlling their own vocation predetermines. (Dan Strakal) The Third Stage is the Reinvention Stage: this is the last stage in the vocation advancement. The age of the individuals in this stage is from the mid 40s to retirement. This stage begins when individuals started to rethinking and accommodating their work life and individual life. Individuals during this stage have gained from numerous difficulties that they were looking in the last pervious stages and this is the best time to be center in making an inheritance of explicit commitments to be associated with in their vocations, their families and their networks. (Dan Strakal) THE ROLES OF THE LEADERS AND MANAGERS DURING THE THREE STAGES OF THE CAREER DEVELOPMENT : They need to discover approaches to coordinate people groups esteems, convictions, and practices to undertakings and errands. For instance it will be incredible in the event that they appointee individuals who are in the Bring it in front of an audience to the undertakings or ventures which need and required bunches of vitality. Get the individuals who are in the Realistic Stage to esteem included undertakings or assignments so they can feel drew in and a piece of something significant and significant. For the individuals who are in the Reinvention Stage, pioneers and supervisor ought to get them in ventures, for example, observing projects, organization history activities or initiative advancement programs. (Dan Strakal) Administrators and pioneer ought to comprehend the and information the three phases so as to have the option to forestall and take care of issues and clashes that might be happen because of profession advancement contrasts in qualities and points of view. (Dan Strakal) The Assessment Phase: The individuals who consider fruitful and fulfilling vocation need to comprehend themselves first. They likewise need to know how in what direction they can perform best at work environment. One of the key factors in profession advancement is work fulfillment. Employment fulfillment is at its most elevated when the activity draws in the most grounded character characteristics of an individual and when the activity is in accordance with people esteems and perspectives. The fit among representative and association, as far as association nature and culture, legitimately influences workers vocation improvement, execution and opportunities to succeed. Initiative abilities are one of the key factors in profession improvement, as well. Capacity to adapt to pressure successfully is another significant factor in profession achievement. Evaluations can assist people with understanding their favored exercises, work style, learn most ideal methods of working with others, and oversee clashes. Enc ourages the improvement, arrangement, and mix of generally speaking hierarchical viability and abilities . Screens progress after some time . The appraisal assesses authoritative methodologies (forms), the degree to which they are sent, assessed/improved, adjusted, and coordinated all through the association, and their viability at driving hierarchical outcomes. Association appraisals are utilized for learning and improvement. Much like a yearly wellbeing physical, this device assists chiefs with bettering comprehend what is functioning admirably and on what they ought to center their improvement endeavors. Yet, the genuine estimation of an evaluation is its capacity to improve execution to improve results and drive unmistakable authoritative outcomes. What's more, a couple of studies have demonstrated the estimation of an evaluation and fundamental administration system. Authoritative Assessment Open and private associations are intricate frameworks of interfacing segments. So as to appropriately check the associations execution and its preparation for transform, it is basic to take part in an appraisal for sure fire input and comprehension of issues, for example, Jobs and obligations Work atmosphere Gathering elements Preparing needs Culture and standards Group conduct Correspondences Work forms Authoritative Assessment Sequence Authoritative Assessment is an orderly system to assemble data about an association, analyze explicit difficulties, and create approaches to address them. Successful evaluation ought to be viewed as a window into the association, giving knowledge into basic issues. It is the foundation of any change procedure, and gives the premise to deciding how an association will accomplish its vision. Status for change is a demonstrated and basic proportion of achievement. Evaluation is the initial phase in understanding the multifaceted nature of associations and fundamental in estimating the conditions that are vital for effective change. An intensive evaluation will help with building up a powerful change plan. The data assembled furnishes the association with a comprehension of its preparation for change, just as the activities that will be vital for fruitful change. Hierarchical Assessments are a phenomenal initial move towards making a move to start positive authoritative change. Overseeing authoritative change is a significant test for pioneers at all levels today. In surveying the adequacy of an association, it is essential to initially comprehend its practical reason . Self Assessment: Self evaluation is the initial step of the profession arranging process. During a self appraisal you assemble data about yourself so as to settle on an educated profession choice. A self evaluation ought to incorporate a glance at the accompanying: Qualities: the things that are imperative to you, similar to accomplishment, status, and self-sufficiency Interests: what you appreciate doing, for example playing golf, going for long strolls, spending time with companions Character: a people singular characteristics, persuasive drives, needs, and mentalities Notwithstanding figuring out what youre great at, an abilities evaluation additionally helps make sense of what we appreciate doing. The course stage: One of the most basic and significant stage during the time spent profession improvement for representatives in any association is the course stage that goes about as a brilliant connection between the appraisal and advancement stages since it has two primary jobs by driving the iden

Does Alcohol Thin Your Blood

Does Alcohol Thin Your Blood Addiction Alcohol Use Print Does Alcohol Thin Your Blood? By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on January 08, 2020 Mel Yates/Stone/Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Drinking alcohol has effects on blood coagulation.?? If you drink a moderate amount of alcoholâ€"defined as one drink per dayâ€"it may have the benefit of acting as a blood thinner and be protective against clotting in clogged arteries,  like aspirin. At the same time, thinning the blood can hasten to bleed from injured arteries, increasing the risk of bleeding strokes. It also will interact with prescription anticoagulants such as Coumadin (warfarin).?? Moderate Drinking and Health Moderate drinking  is a balancing act of sorts. If you drink exactly the right amount to be moderate it may be better in some health effects than not drinking at all, but if you drink just a tad over the guidelines for moderate, it is much more dangerous than not drinking at all.?? Even if you hit the sweet spot, moderate drinking is a two-edged sword with some beneficial effects and some negative ones. Precautions Against Drinking Alcohol While Taking Blood Thinners You should abstain from alcohol while taking anticoagulant blood thinners such as Coumadin (warfarin) as the blood-thinning effects of alcohol can interact with those of the prescribed drugs.?? It will be more difficult for your healthcare providers to determine the correct dosage for the prescribed blood thinner if you also drink alcohol. As you will be placed on blood thinners to prevent a significant health threat, such as a deep venous thrombosis, its best not to take the risk and have an alcoholic beverage. Also, consider the other prescriptions that you take. Sometimes they interact with blood thinners and alcohol. Follow the precautions and refrain from drinking if that is recommended. Dont Substitute Alcohol for Prescription Blood Thinners Likewise, if you need anticoagulation to reduce health risk, it is unwise to think that drinking alcohol is a substitute for prescribed blood thinners. When your doctor prescribes an anticoagulant such as Coumadin, you will also have your blood tested regularly to ensure you are getting just the right amount of blood thinning.?? Too little and you arent protected. Too much and you risk bleeding. Contrasting Effects of Alcohol on Coagulation Some studies have shown that moderate drinkers tend to have lower rates of heart disease, but higher rates of bleeding-type strokes than abstainers.?? The contrasting effects of alcohol are similar to the effects of blood thinners like aspirin, which clearly prevent heart attacks but at the expense of some additional bleeding strokes, said Kenneth J. Mukamal, a researcher with numerous papers on the effects of alcohol on coagulation and cardiovascular risks. A Word From Verywell Although moderate drinking may have some health benefits, there is risk involved, too. If you dont drink, the risks of developing other problems associated with alcohol may be too great to begin drinking for its limited benefits.

Digital Art The Central Point Between Technology and Art...

The digital Art is the central point between Technology and Art with a great impact to new development on presentation and communication to viewers. This concern the application of digital technology and the use of article to give information through art work. The impact of technology within an arts context lies above all in the fact that the technology is used to beauty Viewers who see how technology is used, begin to realize that it can be used in creative and other ways than were intended. In addition, certain aspects of technology can be presented better and clearer within an arts context. Once the viewers come to understand how the artwork functions, they have a much clearer idea of what the technology is and how it affects cultural†¦show more content†¦Often, the aim of the digital video is to allow users to learn faster or relax deeper, but artists have extended the experience with such devices into the realm of art. The digital art is disadvantageous when the viewer is not focusing so hard to master; the viewer field of vision may still become narrow by reading the shape, and may be difficult for the viewer to obtain the other information presented outside the viewer field of vision. That has been difficult to grasp the information simultaneously as expressed by space in video. In addition, the information that the viewer considers to be important is limited to printed information, and information that is important to the viewer may be displayed in areas aside from the area displayed. For this reason, there has been such a risk that when viewing video in which motion picture are displayed, the viewer may miss important information. However, there has been the problem that when a viewer is concentrating on reading printed words, the viewer attention is diverted from other information aside. 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C++ Tutorial on Handling Floats and Ints

Introduction. Health Outcomes Are Influenced By A Variety

Introduction Health outcomes are influenced by a variety of factors, one of which is clinician communication abilities.1 In fact, I took a class in medical school dedicated to teaching the art of the interview and how to properly build and maintain the sacred patient-clinician relationship. Health communication is growing field of medical research that both examines the current state of clinician communication and uses experiment to improve or further understand the process of disseminating health information. 2 This year, I spent 10 months researching health communication and medical decision-making using transcripts of real patient encounters from men with early stage prostate cancer and from women deciding between surgical treatment†¦show more content†¦The rest of the conversation felt different. After the surgeon apologized again and explained that she could save the nipple on the non-cancerous side, but not the cancer side a family member asks the patient â€Å"That’s a big deal isn’t it?† The Bad: Throughout the transcripts I have also noticed the sheer number of â€Å"medspeak.† Medical jargon, the vernacular of clinicians, forces the patient to decide if the clinician is sharing important concepts or irrelevant details. Furthermore, few patients are sufficiently healthcare literate to understand complex medical language. 4,5 In one transcript a women who is discussing treatment of her breast cancer asked about the imaging of her breast cancer to further understand her disease. The clinician responded with: Clinician: There’s the stuff showing your PASH at nine o’clock and ten o’clock and there’s the invasive and then the receptors got split but your estrogen receptor is positive, progesterone receptor, positive and HER2 not overexpressed. Patient: So can you – English? 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(National Alliance for Caregiving, 2009).Similarly, the family members will also have higher degree of involvement in caregiving for an individualRead MoreInstitute Of Medicine Report On Quality1432 Words   |  6 PagesInstitute of Medicine Report on Quality Introduction In 1996, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) initiated a campaign aimed to evaluate and improve the quality of care for health care systems in America (Bielaszka-DuVernay, 2011 p.2). Consequently, IOM Committee on Quality Health Care outlined strategies to improve patient safety by preventing medical errors that are caused by individual and system factors in a report titled â€Å"To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System† (1999). Furthermore, IOM‘s 2001

Studies Mathematical Understand Psychology †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Studies Mathematical Understand Psychology? Answer: Introducation The sensory and the motor functions are the basic forms of all the behaviours. In simple words, the stimulus response behaviour units are composed of the receptors, the neural impulses the travel the afferent form of the central form of the muscular form of responses (Payne and Isaacs, 2017). The sense organs responds very selectively for the various forms of the stimuli that results in the responses that are been given by the various stimuli and that very much results from the responses that involves some of the muscular form of reactions for the nature of the stimuli that are being received. It has been seen previously that developmentally, there has been earliest forms of the behaviour that are simple for the sensorimotor responses (Cabral et al., 2015). However, at the same time it has been seen that the central nervous system are very much meaningful that accompanies the perception of the sensation and the motor system has become better organized for the reflexes that are been g iven away by the behaviours under the control of the voluntary system. Anecdotal Record- Cognitive Development The theory of Piaget (1936) about the form of cognitive development has explained that the child have the constructs of the mental model of the world. He has disagreed with the idea that the intelligence that was actually one of the fixed form of trait that are regarded to the cognitive form of development as the process that can occur due to the biological form of maturation and the form of maturation and the interactions with the environment (Saxe, 2015). The goal of the theory is to explain the mechanisms and the processes that are with the infants and then with the child that can developed into the different form of interactions with the environment and can effectively form the hypothesis. Summary of Childs Developoment The breakdowns throughout the ages have provided a rough form of correspondence to the different stages of the theories of Piaget, Erikson and Bronfenbrenner. Within all the stages, the theory have documented the description that how the development can typically proceed through the major channels of the development that includes the emotional, social, physical and emotional developments (Rotta et al., 2015). The second form of documents that can address the appropriate styles of parenting is known to be the development of the child with every stage of the development. However, it is important to remember that these forms of documents can make the general statements that when the developments that mainly occur in the life of the child, that the child will develop in their own speed and even with the channels that may progress faster than the others may (Rotta et al., 2015). References Payne, V.G. and Isaacs, L.D., 2017.Human motor development: A lifespan approach. Routledge. Cabral, T.I., da Silva, L.G.P., Tudella, E. and Martinez, C.M.S., 2015. Motor development and sensory processing: a comparative study between preterm and term infants.Research in developmental disabilities,36, pp.102-107. Rotta, P.P., Valadares Filho, S.C., Santos, T.R., e Silva, L.C., Engle, T.E., Marcondes, M.I., Campos, M.M., Menezes, A.C.B. and Lobo, A.A.G., 2015. Interpretive summary Fetal development of dairy cows Rotta.COMPARISON OF PURINE BASES AND 15N TO QUANTIFY MICROBIAL NITROGEN YIELD IN BEEF CATTLE AND THE EFFECTS OF DAY OF GESTATION AND FEEDING REGIMEN IN HOLSTEIN GYR COWS, p.89. Saxe, G.B., 2015.Culture and cognitive development: Studies in mathematical understanding. Psychology Press. Demetriou, A., Shayer, M. and Efklides, A. eds., 2016.Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development: Implications and applications for education. Routledge.

The High School Experience free essay sample

It is well known that being a teenager is difficult, and being a teenager in high school is even more challenging. Now combine the difficulties of being a teenager in high school with being overweight and you’ve created for yourself the recipe for disaster. Usually you hear about the bullying that teenagers endure throughout their high school experience, yet those stories and happenings disappear over time. They aren’t really spoken about much after the fact or even brought up. Did you know though that some of the bullying that goes on can lingers inside your soul, memory, and everyday life, haunting you forever? That one memory can spark an array of emotions from the one-day in that one lunchroom on October 12th when you were called FAT in front of those seven people. Normally in movies there’s two people, the person bullying and the person being bullied. The person being bullied usually closes themselves off from the outside world, they want to be left alone and don’t want to interact or become involved with the bully, the reason for this is that they know more pain could be directed their way if they stand up for themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on The High School Experience or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This one bully has the tongue of a serpent. Why would they want to get themselves embarrassed another time? They are quiet and try to ignore the bully, yet the bully somehow always manages to rise above and control their feelings due to the words they use to hurt them. The movie is coming to an end now, miraculously the one who was being bullied has risen above and figured out a way to triumphantly defeat the bully, and all ends well. The bullied has become brave and happy and then the credits roll. Unfortunately real life doesn’t roll that way, its much more severe and damaging. Being overweight brings many things amongst tear and unhappiness. There this â€Å"thin† person dying to be let out and accomplish things a â€Å"thin† person does. Wait though, what is this â€Å"thin† that is spoken about? This â€Å"thin† is the person who can fit into any article of clothing without hassle. One of the difficulties with being overweight is that you do not fit into most of the things you want, you wish to portray this style inside and want to share with the world your artistic point of view through fashion because its a silent statement, nevertheless, that cant even be accomplished because nothing fits you. The frustration is unbearable and honestly unspeakable, this is a scenario where if you haven’t gone through it yourself, you honestly can’t say, â€Å"I know†. Being in large groups is another pressure for the overweight teenage girl, tons of questions ponder through her mind. What is everyone thinking about me? Fat girl or nice girl? Or nice fat girl? Never being calling by your name always referred to as she or her; realistically because no one remembers ugly, only â€Å"hot†. Once in a blue moon though you will be called a name, a name that isn’t yours and a name that isn’t hurtful, its wonderful because for that slight moment you think they actually remembered you, but they have just called you the name of another girl, a girl that is also overweight. Active? You become fatigued at the slightest motions, why even attempt sports if you know it’s an automatic fail. There’s no point. You have tried before but it’s always ended up with the dissatisfaction you bring to yourself because you are naturally not good enough for being active. This bullying that is spoke of will never end. This â€Å"fat† has now become apart of the daily wardrobe you present to others; your shirt, pants, shoes, makeup and fat, it’s just another accessory added on. Don’t like it? That’s unfortunate, welcome to the club. The first time someone says it to you or refers to you as it, this emotion of death passes over you, as if a loved one is lost for forever. I still to this day cant express or even try to explain this feeling, its empty, lonely and scary. You are no longer a regular person you are now a person with a label, a label that has complete control over how you will behave, dress, talk and think. You feel as if you are socially unaccepted. Some would never think that this word could have such an impact on the way a person feels, nonetheless, this one word has the ability to dictate a person as if it can control everything and anything within that person, and you the bully are to blame for that. Did you ever think about the aftermath that occurs when you call someone fat? That someone could feel all these horrible things at once from a three-lettered adjective? The three-lettered adjective you had provided them with? That there entire day could be ruined just from the mere memory of when you had called them fat in that certain lunch room on October 12th 2010, when that same feeling they received that day can pop up at any time and haunt them for hours on end until they feel so disgusted and sick and embarrassed of themselves that all they want to do is be silent and away from the world until they feel human and lifelike again? I can guarantee you had no idea the disgusting impact you had on them. Born this way is the one and only quote that explains myself positively. I am proud to be able to understand and take to heart what this quote means. Lady Gaga has provided me with an outlet, an outlet where I am not alone with these feelings. Supplies this whole other world, this entire new generation and race. A race that bears no prejudice, no judgment and boundless freedom. This world is where her little monsters congregate and share their stories and feelings and help others. We protect one another and encourage life into some, stopping the self-harm that may be inflicted to someone. Born this way provides a safe place for the freaks and underdogs and the bullied. She has inspired me to love myself and to be proud of the person I am today. The people who are less fortunate in the social society; the girls who are considered gross, not pretty and unattractive; the boys who don’t get girls, who arent muscularly, photo shopped and charming. This three-worded phrase was able to turn that three-lettered word for me into nothing, bust dust. I say this to myself everyday, look straight into the mirror and realize I am not perfect, however I was born this way, and Im beautiful to myself. There is guaranteed to be the population that doesn’t see it and I am comfortable with that because I see it and that’s all the matters. I finally fully love and respect myself. I will now and forever stay true to mysef and will never underestimate who I can be as a person or try to hide who I am from the world. Simply because I am who I am, amazing and strong willed, open-minded and concerned, thoughtful and scared, as are many. Mostly however I am a person, a person with the same feelings as you and anyone else who has been hurt has. I no longer have a label; I have erased it from my memory and started fresh. I have risen above my insecurities, embraced them and I am now proud to glorify them for everyone to see. I am stronger emotionally and realize that t hree letter word means as much as dirt in the ground, nothing. The imperfection we all embrace as a society has finally meant something to me and has become perfect, I respect the fact that there will be bullies in my life and everyone else’s. The only thing to do though is never let that one person who is miserable inside for their own reasons drag you down with them. You may listen to what they say and ignore it, or you can listen and respond by shocking them, offering the help they most likely need, love. I was a teenage girl that was overweight and had self esteem issues. I have been bullied and I want to share the depth of what happens after the bully has spoken. How the quote Born this way has impacted me to become a better person from the experience and realize that everyone was born his or her own way, not matter what in the end we are all beautiful and human. I also wanted to share about how the bully is now silenced and whatever might be said from them won’t be heard however, helped.

The Tempest How is Caliban presented and what is his dramatic significance to the play Essays

The Tempest How is Caliban presented and what is his dramatic significance to the play Essays The Tempest How is Caliban presented and what is his dramatic significance to the play Essay The Tempest How is Caliban presented and what is his dramatic significance to the play Essay Essay Topic: The Tempest Caliban is the son of Sycorax, a witch that originally inhabited (and so is the only true native) of the Island on which the play is set. He is the misshapen slave of Prospero who claimed the island as his own when he was banished to it 12 years previously.Prospero refers to him using earthly names, such as tortoise, making very clear quite early on that Caliban is not considered an equal by Prospero or Miranda. He is seen as a lower, uncivilised life-form because of the uneducated and primal state they originally met him in, making their actions to correct this mirror the current events during the Elizabethan period in regards to the discovery of the Americas. Shakespeare has used the character of Caliban to represent the natives of such countries, giving the role of the civilised invaders to Prospero and Miranda who attempt to educate Caliban in a bid to make him an acceptable person in the eyes of the society Prospero was usurped from. This was a failure, a s although they took pains to make [him] speak they could not rid him of his primal nature or his uneducated sense of morals and so he could see nothing wrong with endeavouring to rape Miranda. This was the point where Prospero stopped trying to nurture Caliban into a respectable man and started seeing him as filth. Shakespeare chose to include such an occurrence to highlight the fact that we cannot judge natives from undeveloped countries by western standards, as however much semantic knowledge they acquire, it is made completely redundant if they are taught western morals to which we feel they should abide by, making Caliban crucial to conveying this theme.Despite the deficient schooling, he is very close to the natural aspect of the island, which is shown in his passionate and almost poetic description of it (The isle is full of noises / Sounds and sweet airs that give delight and hurt not) which is quite contradictory to the image of poisonous slave that Prospero describes.The t heme of nature being tainted with magic is also explored in the character of Ariel, as well as Caliban and Shakespeare presents these two characters as almost a representation of good and evil. Another common characteristic is that they are both under the control of Prospero, but they respond to their captivity in very different ways. Caliban sees his imprisonment as an injustice as he claims This islands mine by Sycorax, my mother, which thou takst from me and so responds to his captor in a negative way, whereas Ariel remains on the good side of Prospero and so receives much better treatment. Ariel is described as his fine apparition and is an airy spirit which corresponds more to the elements, leaving Caliban discussing springs, brine pits keeping the connection between him and the earth very strong.The actions of Caliban towards the end of the play draw parallels with the actions of Antonio as well, in the way his ambition leads him to attempting to usurp Prospero from his positi on. The only difference is that Antonio actually achieves this, but the raw ambition that led them to commit the deeds are the same, which is demonstrated when he tells Stephano and Trinculo The dropsy drown this fool I what do you meanTo dote thus on such luggage? Lets alone, And do the murder first

District Budget Comparison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

District Budget Comparison - Research Paper Example When comparing two Texas school districts- Lubbock Independent School District and Laredo Independent School District- research will show a few similarities and differences among the districts in terms of demographics and budget analysis. All data and research conducted will be derived from the Texas Education Agency Academic Excellence Indicator System (AEIS) Reports and each district’s Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the 2010-2011 academic school years. Student Population Student Population by Grades Lubbock Independent School District is located in Lubbock city, Texas in Region 17. According to the AEIS report, Lubbock ISD has 28, 680 students in over fifty schools. The district is composed of 35 elementary schools, 10 middle schools, 4 high schools, and 3 disciplinary alternative education programs. Lubbock ISD has 53.1% of its student population at the elementary level. Local high school enrollment accounts for 25.4% of the student population and the middle scho ol for 21.5%. ... At the elementary level, the district has 57.4% of the student population enrolled. Local high school enrollment accounts for 23.6% of the student population and the middle school for 19.1%. Table 1.1: Student Enrollment by Grade Level Grade Level Laredo ISD Lubbock ISD State Elementary 57.4% 53.1% 50.8% Middle 19.1% 21.5% 21.9% High School 23.6% 24.4% 27.2% Graph 1.1: Student Enrollment by Grade Level Source: TEA, Academic Excellence Indicator System (AEIS), 2010-11. Laredo ISD enrolls more students in the elementary level when compared to Lubbock and State. On the other hand, the proportion of its middle and high school is less than that of Lubbock and state. The proportions of Laredo ISD and those of states are quite similar. Student Population by Ethnicity Laredo ISD has a predominantly set in terms of ethnicity and overall student population, meaning that the student population in general is stable and one sided, compared to other districts with more diversity. Laredo ISD has a dominant Hispanic distribution. Almost 100% percent of the student population is Hispanic. However, Lubbock ISD is a little more diverse in its ethnicity makeup even though Hispanics still dominate. Hispanics enrolled account for 53.9% of the student population, while whites follow with 29.1%. African Americans account for 13.3%, American Indian 0.4%, Asian/Pacific 1.7% and other ethnics 1.6% of the Lubbock ISD student population. Table 1.2: Ethnicity Comparison Ethnicity Laredo ISD Lubbock ISD State African American 0.1% 13.3% 12.9% Hispanic 99.5% 53.9% 50.3% White 0.3% 29.1% 31.2% American Indian 0.0% 0.4% 0.5% Asian/Pacific 0.2% 1.7% 3.5% Others 0.0% 1.6% 1.6% Graph1.2: Ethnicity Comparison

Judiciary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Judiciary - Essay Example Judicial restraint is the antonym of judicial activism (Ringhand & Collins, 2010). The discussion between judiciary restraint and judicial activism started in the early days of the United States of America and has proceeded to the present. A number of renowned Supreme Court justices such as John Marshall have supported the judicial activism view, the belief that it’s the role of the judges to chart new constitutional grounds as well as make bold policy decisions. Supporters of legal activists are to judicial restraint that supports that the judiciary should leave the policy formulation and decisions making process to the executive and legislative branches (Ringhand & Collins, 2010). For decades, Republican Party leaders have decried judicial activism and championed for judicial restraint. Republican politicians have associated judicial restraint with a commitment to judicial deference, stating that judges who support judicial activism disrespect the will of many people. The debate has continued to warrant close inspection as a result of the deployment of judicial activism by Republic politicians during the Supreme Court confirmation of Judge Sonia Sotomayor as well as in the 2008 presidential elections. The senators were utterly aghast that Sonia’s experience and background might affect her decisions and that she may be an activist. The Sotomayors emphasized that justices make no laws and policies but merely apply those laws that are in existence (Davis, 2009). It is uncontroversial to indicate that only chief Justice Scalia and Justice Roberts Alito and Thomas belong to the number of judges who are in the political circles of Republican. Justice Alito a nd Roberts were nominated by Bush and were considered Republican favorites. The two were however not democrat’s favorites, and President Obama was not ready to vote

Prostitution A Psychological Perspective Sociology Essay

Prostitution A Psychological Perspective Sociology Essay As psychologists, we hope to see a change in the health professions relative silence regarding prostitutions harm to women, as well as a change in the perspective on prostitution held by the criminal justice system. -Melissa Farley Avnessa Kelly There is a lot of debate about whether prostitution should be legalized and regulated or whether the continuing laws(in India and elsewhere) which criminalize the act of brothel keeping, living off the earnings of a prostitute, soliciting or seducing for the purposes of prostitution should remain a punishable offence. The arguments for either side ultimately boil down to the question of why one stance over the other? The decision is largely influenced by a persons perception of what benefits society as well as the exploitative nature of this profession .If prostitution were to be legalized these individuals would become part of a system that sanctions their work and also condones the act of selling ones body as well as paying for sexual services. Such a system would be accountable for the repercussions this occupation has upon its members. For every occupation that is sanctioned by law and society there exists a representative in the form of an organization or a union that supports t he best interest of its employees and ensures their well being. However the question that arises in the case of prostitution is whether the occupation is such that it poses a serious immediate threat to a womans psychological and physical health on a regular continuous basis? if so, then the act of sanctioning such an occupation and creating a system that supports it leads to a paradox not only in a moral sense but also in keeping with the actual negative effects of the occupation versus the benefits of legalizing prostitution. The present paper is an attempt to gain greater clarity about the potential risks of this occupation. To assess whether commercial sex workers will ultimately suffer traumatic experiences to such an extent that their psychological and emotional health will prevent them from leading functional productive social and healthy lives. Some might argue that traumatic experiences or harmful effects are faced by individuals in various other professions such as the military, war journalism, psychiatry, medical science or people working in factories where they are exposed to harmful substances on a daily basis. Thus these occupations are also a great cause for concern. However prostitution has been described as an act which is intrinsically traumatizing to the person being prostituted.(Farley et al, 1988) Researchers have found that 92% of people interviewd stated that they wanted to leave prostitution .Also it has been reported that Sexual and other physical violence is the normative experience for women in prostitution (Baldwin, 1992; Farley and Barkan, 1998; Hunter, 1994; Silbert and Pines, 1982) In light of such evidence one can hardly suggest that prostitution is an occupation that an individual would willingly participate in if she truly had another option or was entirely aware of the health risk involved.Infact Silbert and her colleagues(1982) have described a psychological paralysis of prostituted women, characterized by immobility, acceptance of victimization, hopelessness, and an inability to take the opportunity to change, which results from the inescapable violence they encountered throughout their lives (Silbert Pines, 1982). According to Farley (2006) Prostitution is sexual violence that results in massive economic profit for some of its perpetrators. The sex industry, like other global enterprises, has domestic and international sectors, marketing sectors, a range of physical locations out of which it operates in each community, is controlled by many different owners and managers, and is constantly expanding as technology, law, and public opinion permit. She further stresses that prostitution as a profession is rife with every imaginable type of physical and sexual violence. If prostitution is to be legalized, would it then become a recognized profession such as teaching, management, law etc? Would it be part of a career guidance course, would the individuals engaged in this occupation be treated with the same respect, dignity and rights that are allotted to others? Although it remains a personal choice to judge another human being, collective morality exists in every society and forms the basis for norms and beliefs in that society. Legalization of prostitution would condone an act that is considered inhumane by many yet legalization might afford better right to prostitutes and improve their standard of living. This debate eventually turns into a circular argument that requires a subjective approach rather than an objective methodology applied to all other aspects of human science. It becomes a matter of safety and humanity rather than a debate of legality and morality. Hence from the authors perspective a Psychological study aimed at evaluating the men tal health of prostitutes and determining to what extent this correlates to their occupation will indeed contribute to the argument and perhaps indicate how one can decide the matter of whether prostitution should be legalized and thus condoned by government and subsequently (but unlikely) be accepted morally; or whether we must at some point accept that the oldest profession in the world has seriously contributed to the psychopathology of women engaged in this profession. There are several different perspectives on prostitution that have been discussed and documented. The perspective that prostitution is violence against women has been described and critiqued by Jeffreys (2000).She argues that that child and adult prostitution are inextricably interlinked, both in personnel (the women and children work together), in terms of the abusers (who make no distinctions), in the harm they cause and in that both constitute harmful traditional practices which must be ended. Another perspective suggests that in recent decades prostitution has been industrialized and globalized. Industrialization means the ways in which traditional forms of organization of prostitution are being changed by economic and social forces to become large scale and concentrated, normalized and part of the mainstream corporate sphere. Prostitution has been transformed from an illegal, small scale, largely local and socially despised form of abuse of women into a hugely profitable and either legal or tolerated international industry. In states that have legalized their prostitution industries large-scale, industrialized brothels employ hundreds of women overseen and regulated by government agencies (M. Sullivan, 2007). In some parts of Asia the industrialization of prostitution has taken place in the form of the creation of massive prostitution areas within cities. In Daulatdia, formed 20 years ago, in a port city in Bangladesh, 1,600 women are sexually used by 3,000 men daily (Hammond, 2008). This paper is presented in three parts. The first part highlights the Framework that governs the sex trade industry in India, the second part focuses on the Psychological implications of prostitution and the third part discusses the implications of legalizing and regulating sex trade. Prostitution in India India is a country that prides itself for upholding age old traditions and cultural practices rooted in religious beliefs which encourage a way of life that is morally correct and ethically sound. It is a country which has great respect for the elderly, believes in the integrity of honesty and fidelity and places much emphasis on purity. Right from the religious scriptures to the common mans notion about what is the ideal way of living one can witness a belief in simplicity, generosity and secularity. This comes from the fact that India is a country of a hundred cultures all inter-mingling to create a nation that is unified in language, sport and entertainment and often diversified in religion, custom and caste. However one thing that remains collective and common to all the culturally opposed regions is the practice of sex trade. Prostitution in India has a long history. Devadasi System: In ancient India prostitutes have been referred to as Devadasis. Originally, Devadasis were celibate dancing girls used in temple ceremonies and they entertained members of the ruling class. But sometime around the 6th Century, the practice of dedicating girls to Hindu gods became prevalent in a practice that developed into ritualized prostitution. Devadasi literally means Gods (Dev) female servant (Dasi), where according to the ancient Indian practice, young pre-pubertal girls are married off, given away in matrimony to God or Local religious deity of the temple. The marriage usually occurs before the girl reaches puberty and requires the girl to become a prostitute for upper-caste community members. Such girls are known as jogini. They are forbidden to enter into a real marriage. In Karnataka, the most common form of traditional sex work is associated with the Devadasi system.   Today, the districts bordering Maharashtra and Karnataka, known as the Devadasi belt, have trafficking structures operating at various levels. The women here are in prostitution either because their husbands deserted them, or they are trafficked through coercion and deception Many are devadasi dedicated into prostitution for the goddess Yellamma. In one Karnataka brothel, all 15 girls are devadasi. (Meena Menon, The Unknown Faces). Researchers have found that differences between Devadasi and non-Devadasi Female sex workers (FSWs) with regard to the pattern and environment of sex work were substantial. Devadasi FSWs were much more likely to entertain clients at home, reported a higher average number of sex partners in the past week, and charged less on average to each client. Devadasi FSWs were less likely to migrate to work at another location within the state of Karnataka but were somewhat more likely to have migrated to another state for work. Devadasi FSWs were more likely to accept every client and reported client initiated violence much less often than did non-Devadasi FSWs. Devadasi FSWs also were significantly less likely to report having ever been harassed by the police (Laanchard, F, J et al 2005). Sex trade Industry in India: There are approximately 10 million prostitutes in India. (Human Rights Watch, Robert I. Freidman, Indias Shame: Sexual Slavery and Political Corruption Are Leading to An AIDS Catastrophe,  The Nation, 8 April 1996).The largest red light district in India, perhaps in the world, is the Falkland Road Kamatipura area of Bombay. There are more than 100,000 women in prostitution in Bombay, Asias largest sex industry center (Freidman, R.I 1996). At least 2,000 women were in prostitution along the Baina beachfront in Goa. (Moronh,F 1997).There are 300,000-500,000 children in prostitution in India. ( Bedi,R 1997) India, along with Thailand and the Philippines, has 1.3 million children in its sex-trade centers. (Soma Wadhwa, For sale childhood, Outlook, 1998) India and Paksitan are the main destinations for children under 16 who are trafficked in south Asia. (Masako Iijima, S. Asia urged to unite against child prostitution,  Reuters, 19 June 1998) In India, Karnataka, Andha Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu are considered high supply zones for women in prostitution. Bijapur, Belgaum and Kolhapur are common districts from which women migrate to the big cities, as part of an organised trafficking network. (Central Welfare Board, Meena Menon, The Unknown Faces) A few hundred thousand men have sexual relations with prostitutes every day in India.  Ã‚  Insights derived by health practitioners and social workers from the experience of working in red-light areas suggest that the following categories of men are frequent visitors to prostitutes: low-level workers in the manufacturing and transport industries; other workers living away from their families for a length of time; traders and customers in transitory markets; visitors to fairs, festivals and pilgrim centres; defence personnel living away from families; students; pimps and others who have some control over prostitutes; traders and service providers in red-light areas. According to one author of The Unkown Faces There are three routes into prostitution for most women in India. 1) Deception 2) Devadasi dedication and 3) Bad marriages or families. A study conducted by researcher s in Karnataka, a Southern state of India found that Participants gave diverse reasons for entering sex work . Overall 26% stated that induction into the Devadasi tradition was at least 1 reason that they entered sex work, and 66% of these Female sex workers (FSWs) listed it as the only reason that they entered sex work. Other stated reasons for entering sex work included financial need- 36%, marital or family discord or dissolution -30%, and being coerced or lured- 20%. Chattopadhyay M, Bandyopadhyay S, Duttagupta C, (1994) conducted interviews with 33 female prostitutes in Domjur, Howrah District, West Bengal, to understand the processes by which women become prostitutes. Twenty-one of them were married. More than 50%, who had been married before the age of 18, became prostitutes before 25 and were older than 30. 66% did not engage in illicit sex before becoming prostitutes. About 20% had been prostitutes for more than 15 years. Most prostitutes earned about Rs. 1000 per month. 66% had a maximum number of five clients/day. Three prostitutes had as many as seven to eight clients/day. Life events and their reactions that led them to become prostitutes belonged to two categories: (1) women who were either widowed (17 women) or abused by husband and in-laws (4 women), leaving them with no social or economic support and (2) women who chose prostitution as an easy means to support themselves (9 women) or because they had sexual urges or were curious (3 w omen). Empirical studies along in red-light areas of a few large cities corroborate the common knowledge that prostitutes, in general, lead a poor standard of life in dilapidated and unhygienic environments (Gilada n.d.; Ghosh and Das 1994). A major portion of what their clients pay is shared by pimps, landlords, madams, financiers and policemen. They do not get nutritionally adequate food and they are exploited by local traders who sell them essential goods. Because of strong prejudice against them they cannot take advantage of the government health facilities and have to depend mostly on local quacks who charge them exorbitantly for treatment and medicines. A large proportion of them suffer intermittently from various kinds of STDs. Most of them are forced to enter this occupation because of adverse circumstances. In a country that has strict values and restrictions towards marriage,dating and pre-marital sex there seems to be a rampant disregard for the value of a womans right to dignity and integrity.In India, It is generally considered unacceptable for a woman or man to engage in sex before marriage or with more than one partner. Speaking about sex related issues is taboo in most households and sex education in schools is strongly opposed and rendered inappropriate. It is believed that one should respect traditions and avoid places,people,movies,books or music that are provocative or in any way of a sexual nature. Conservatism and orthodox customs are welcomed and whole heardtedly preached and in some cases practiced in India. Thus, it comes as a shock to realize that the hub of the Sex trade throughout Asia and possibly the world is housed in the biggest city in India-Mumbai. It is a sad and cruel paradox that a country that preaches about purity and chastity has the largest brothels in th e world and is a central point in the human trafficking system. Legal position in India: Laws related to prostitution in India:   Suppression of Immoral Traffic in Women and Girl Act -1956   Prevention of Immoral Traffic Act-1956   Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act-1956 In legal terms, the Indian Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act 1956, criminalized the volitional act of a female offering her body for promiscuous sexual intercourse for hire whether in money or in kind. But, under the revised 1986 Act, prostitution means the sexual exploitation or abuse of persons for commercial purpose, and the expression prostitute shall be constructed accordingly so there is not only no criminality if there is offering by way of free contract, there is not even prostitution. In India the primary law dealing with the status of sex workers is the 1956 law referred to as the  The  Immoral Traffic (Suppression) Act (SITA). According to this law, sex work in  India  is neither legal nor illegal; it is tolerated since prostitutes can practice their trade privately but cannot legally solicit customers in public. Unlike as is the case with other professions, however, sex workers are not protected under normal workers laws, and are not entitled to minimum wage benefits, compensation for injury or other benefits that are common in other types of work. Although prostitution (the act of selling ones body in a non public setting) is legal in India, brothel keeping, living off the earnings of a prostitute, soliciting or seducing for the purposes of prostitution are all punishable offenses. (Robert I. Freidman, Indias Shame: Sexual Slavery and Political Corruption Are Leading to An AIDS Catastrophe,  The Nation, 8 April 1996) Psychological distress among sex workers Considerable research has been conducted in the area of sex trade and prostitution. Most of this research in the social sciences focuses on the health risks involved, particularly HIV, AIDS. There is a large-scale ignorance of the psychological harm that is faced by women who are prostituted. Prostitution has been defined in many ways either by political or legal organizations. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined prostitution as a dynamic and adaptive process that involves a transaction between seller and buyer of a sexual service (World Health Organization, 1988). WHO has since recommended decriminalization of prostitution (Ahmad, 2001). Much of the health sciences literature has viewed prostitution as a job choice (Deren et al., 1996; Farr, Castro, DiSantostefano, Claassen, Olguin, 1996; Green et al., 1993; Romans, Potter,Martin,Herbison, 2001; UN/AIDS, 2002). However the notion that prostitution is work tends to make its harm invisible. Important questions remain unanswered regarding the epidemiology and etiology of psychological distress among sex traders. Many sex traders and drug users from poor neighborhoods have experienced homelessness, rape, and other violent events associated with psychological distress. High proportions of prostitutes are drug-dependent and have experienced physical and sexual abuse in childhood and adulthood (Church, Henderson, Barnard, Hart, 2001; El-Bassel, Schilling, Irwin, Faruque, Gilbert, Von Bargen, Serrano, Edlin, 1997; El- Bassel, Simoni, Cooper, Gilbert, Schilling, 2001). The Psychological literature on Prostitution has focused on different theories to explain the role of a prostitute either as a victim or a risk-taker. There has been tremendous debate over the underlying factors that lead a woman into this profession. It is assumed that prostituted women have personality characteristics which lead to their victimization. Rosiello (1993) described the inherent masochism of prostituted women as a necessary ingredient of their self-concept. MacVicar and Dillon (1980) suggested that masochism plays a central role in the acceptance of abuse by pimps. Psychoanalytic theories that prostituting originates in maternal deprivation or from the anal desires of the child -have been described by Weisberg (1985) and Bullough Bullough (1996).Vanwesenbeeck, et al (1993) identified three groups of prostituted women as 1) those who had a positive, businesslike attitude and consistent condom use, 2) those who had a negative attitude and occasional failure to use condom s),and 3) risk takers who did not use condoms and who reported feeling powerless. The risk takers reported fears of violence and despair in situations where they were powerless. One woman stated that health planning was not a priority when your whole lifes a misery and pain (Vanwesenbeeck et al., 1993). Women in prostitution are often assumed to have an underlying personality disorder. De Schampheleire (1990) concluded that 61 prostituted women had emotional difficulties that resulted first in addictions, and later in prostitution, which was itself described as a diversion from other psychological problems. This is clearly indicative that there is a belief that emotionally disturbed or vulnerable women are more likely to enter into prostitution, further become victimized and continue in this profession as a means of coping with their initial sense of turmoil or unworthiness. This literature fails to recognize the various other reasons that women enter into prostitution (such as financial need or coercion), and ultimately suffer psychological difficulties as a result of this profession. It is assumed with a stance of such stoicism that women willingly enter into a profession in which they become victims of battering, rape, fatal physiological conditions, constant trauma and degradation. However there is literature that supports the idea that prostitution does indeed inflict psychological distress on the individual. Graaf et al. (1995) and Plant et al (1989) found that womens alcohol use in prostitution was related to the psychological trauma of prostitution. It permitted a chemical dissociation, as well as a means of anesthetizing their physical aversion for the act of sex for payment. Green et al (1993) noted that some Glasgow women were only able to prostitute under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Alegria et al (1994) found that 70% of 127 Puerto Rican women in prostitution had symptoms of depression which were associated with increased risk behaviors for HIV. Violence against women in Prostitution: In the past decade, a number of authors have documented or analyzed the sexual and physical violence that is the normative experience for women in prostitution, including Baldwin (1993, 1999); Barry (1979, 1995); Boyer, Dworkin (1981, 1997, 2000); Farley, Baral, Kiremire, and Sezgin (1998); Giobbe (1991, 1993) .Sexual violence and physical assault are the norm for women in all types of prostitution. Nemoto, Operario, Takenaka, Iwamoto, and Le (2003) reported that 62% of Asian women in San Francisco massage parlors had been physically assaulted by customers. Raymond, DCunha, et al. (2002) found that 80% of women who had been trafficked or prostituted suffered violence-related injuries in prostitution. Among the women interviewed by Parriott (1994), 85% had been raped in prostitution. In another study, 94% of those in street prostitution had experienced sexual assault and 75% had been raped by one or more customers (Miller, 1995). In the Netherlands, where prostitution is legal, 60% of prostituted women suffered physical assaults; 70% experienced verbal threats of physical assault; 40% experienced sexual violence; and 40% had been forced into prostitution or sexual abuse by acquaintances (Vanwesenbeeck, 1994). Most young women in prostitution were abused or beaten by customers as well as pimps. Silbert and Pines (1981, 1982) reported that 70% of women suffered rape in prostitution, with 65% having been physically assaulted by customers and 66% assaulted by pimps. Of 854 people in prostitution in nine countries (Canada, Colombia, Germany, Mexico, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, United States, and Zambia), 71% experienced physical assaults in prostitution, and 62% reported rapes in prostitution (Farley, Cotton, et al., 2003). Eighty-nine percent told the researchers that they wanted to leave prostitution but did not have other options for economic survival. To normalize prostitution as a reasonable job choice for poor women makes invisible their strong desire to escape prostitution. Vanwesenbeeck (1994) found that two factors were associated with greater violence in prostitution. The greater the poverty, the greater the violence; and the longer one is in prostitution, the more likely one is to experience violence. Research and clinical reports have documented the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse and chronic traumatization among prostituted women (Belton, 1992; Burgess,et al., 1987; Giobbe et al., 1990; James Meyerding, 1977; Paperny Deisher, 1983; Silbert Pines, 1981, Simons Whitbeck, 1991; Widom Kuhns, 1996). Weisberg (1985) reported that 70% of women suffered rape in prostitution, with 65% of prostitutes having been physically assaulted by customers; and 66% assaulted by pimps. The Council for Prostitution Alternatives in Portland, Oregon, reported that prostituted women were raped an average of once a week (Hunter, 1994). Women in prostitution are battered women. Prostitution, like battering, is a form of domestic violence. Giobbe (1993) compared pimps and batterers and found similarities in their use of enforced social isolation, minimization and denial, threats, intimidation, verbal and sexual abuse, attitude of ownership, and extreme physical violence to control women. The techniques of physical violence used by pimps are often the same as those used by torturers. Gray (1973, cited in Weisberg, 1985) reported that one teenager was beaten with a 6-foot bullwhip and another was tied to a car and forced to run behind it. It has been reasonably estimated that prostitution is 80% to 90% pimp-controlled (Giobbe Gamache, 1990; Hunter, 1994). The primary concern of prostituted women in Glasgow was violence from customers (Green et al., 1993). Rape was common. The women in Glasgow were physically abused as part of the job of prostitution. They were whipped and 1 7 beaten up, with payment at times received per individual blow (Green et al., 1993, page 328). Prostituted women described a minority of customers as extremely dangerous. These men were likely to assault or murder women in prostitution for pleasure. They used fists, feet, baseball bats, knives, or guns in their assaults on the women. One man inserted a shotgun into at least one womans vagina and mouth. 87% of prostituted women interviewed by Miller (1995) were physically assaulted in prostitution, with 31% having been stabbed, and 25% being hit with an object. 37% of her sample had been held captive. Prostituted women were often assaulted and robbed (Green et al, 1993; Hardesty Greif, 1994; Miller, 1995). Miller Schwartz (1995) found that 94% of those in street prostitution had experienced some form of sexual assault; 75% had been raped by one or more customers. In spite of this, there was a widespread belief that the concept of rape did not apply to prostitutes. If rape of a prostituting woman occurs, some have considered the rape to be theft or breach of contract rather than rape. Many people assumed that when a prostituted woman was raped, it was part of her job and that she deserved or even asked for the rape. In an example of this bias, a California judge overturned a jurys decision to charge a customer with rape, saying that a woman who goes out on the street and makes a whore out of herself opens herself up to anybody. One juror interpreted the judges decision as a refusal to give rights to prostitutes (Arax, 1986). Psychological Trauma as a result of prostitution: Dissociation is the psychological process of banishing traumatic events from consciousness (Herman, 1992). It is an emotional shutting-down which occurs during extreme stress among prisoners of war who are being tortured, among children who are being sexually assaulted, and among women being battered or raped or prostituted. Vanwesenbeeck (1994) considered dissociation in those prostituted to be a consequence of both childhood violence and adult violence in prostitution. She noted that a proficiency in dissociation, perhaps learned in order to survive sexual abuse as a child, was required in prostitution. Ross et al (1990) noted dissociative symptoms in women in strip club prostitution. Belton (1998) reported that depression as well as dissociative disorders were common among prostituted women. It is clear that women in prostitution suffer from psychological trauma which affects their functioning.Other than dissociation,drug use an emotional vulnerability women in prostitution suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Symptoms are anxiety, depression, insomnia, irritability, flashbacks, emotional numbing, and hyperalertness. Farley et al., (1998) interviewed 475 prostituted people in 5 countries (South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, USA, and Zambia) and found that 67% met diagnostic criteria for PTSD, suggesting that the traumatic sequelae of prostitution were similar across different cultures. The violence of prostitution, the constant humiliation, the social indignity and misogyny result in personality changes which have been described by Herman (1992) as complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). Symptoms of CPTSD include changes in consciousness and self-concept, changes in the ability to regulate emotions, changes in systems of meaning, such as loss of faith, and an unremitting sense of despair. Once out of prostitution, 76% of a group of women interviewed by Parriott (1994) reported that they had great difficulty with intimate relationships. Not only were sexual feelings destroyed in prostitution, but the emotional part of the self was eroded. (Hoigard Finstad,1986; Giobbe, 1991, 1992) One of the longer-lasting effects of CPTSD involves changes in relations with other people, including changes in perception of the perpetrator of abuse. Previous research on women who engaged in prostitution has found a high rate of drug abuse among this population (Kuhns, Heide, Silverman, 1992; El-Bassel et al., 1997; Nadon, Koverola, Schludermann, 1998; Potterat,)The need for drugs, both physical and emotional, often overpowers prostitutes aversion toward the degrading aspects of their occupation (Weeks et al., 1998). In another study, El-Bassel and colleagues (1997) found that drug-using prostitutes scored higher than drug-using non-prostitutes from the same community on several measures of psychological distress, such as depression, anxiety, and paranoid ideation, and suggested that psychological distress among prostitutes was brought about by the dangerous and degrading circumstances surrounding their work. Researchers found that the women who were prostituting were more likely to report using drugs to increase their feelings of confidence, sense of control, and feelings of closeness to others and to decrease their feelings of guilt and sexual distress. (Young,A,M et al 2000). Furthermore the researchers found that the subservient, humiliating nature of prostitution suggests that these women would tend to feel less confident and in control while working, and would wish to regain these feelings, and the ability to feel close to others, after being sexually involved with a stranger or strangers. Other studies have found that women engaged in prostitution use drugs and alcohol to feel more confident on the job, more calm and able to suppress negative feelings, and more relaxed and sociable (Gossop et al., 1994; Silbert et al 1982; Feucht, 1993). The evidence is clear and alarming, Psychological distress is an inevitable result of prostitution and is more than likely to inte

Genetic Engineering Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Genetic Engineering Most people take for granted the food that they consume each and every day will be safe and nutritious. When they wake up in the morning they do not have to think about getting enough food to survive the day. In order for the agriculture industry, that produces food and clothing for everyone, to keep up with our growing population it needs to utilize new technology. Agriculture has to find ways to produce more crops while many fertile acres of land are lost to development. Many people who like to eat the food produced would like to do away with genetic engineering; this would lead to lack of food and increased starvation around the world. Genetic engineering is the artificial moving of genes from one species to another. Genes are special chemicals that work as sets of blueprints to determine an organism's traits. Moving genes from one organism to another moves those traits. This gene transfer allows traits that would never naturally occur in a certain species to be inserted into the DNA of that species. Scientists can take a gene for blue coat color from a sea urchin and transplant it into a brown horse to get a blue horse. In nature the only way you could get a blue horse is if a line of horses already contain the gene for blue coat color. Genetic engineering is a radically new technology for changing the traits of organisms by substituting genetic material that has been altered outside of cells. This process allows scientists to rearrange and change genetic material before transfer and may one day lead to the transplanting of genes not found in nature but made in a laboratory. Through this altering of genes crops ca n be produced that are safer for the consumer. Transplanted genes develop crops th... ... impossible to confidently predict the effects of genetic manipulations because of the complexity and interconnectedness of living systems. (Fagan 1) We do have to be careful so herbicide resistance genes do not get transferred to weeds; or "super weeds" might be created which cannot be killed with traditional methods. We also have to make sure that only the genes that we want will be inserted so we do not insert bad traits with the bad (Sage 2). As you can see from these arguments from both sides, if we are going to be able to continue to feed the world we have to be able to keep producing more food on less land. The best way to do this is through genetically engineered crops. Works Cited http://www.biotechknowledge.com/showlib.php3?378#Pred (Monsanto) http://www.sage-intl.org/issues.html (Sage) http://www.maharishi.co.uk/fagan.htm (Fagan)

Causes of the Decline and Fall of the Western Roman Empire

The fall of the Roman Empire was inevitable by A. D. 476. Christianity had weakened the bonds that had held it together, the people became corrupt, and it got too big. It was also because of the barbarian attacks. All empires eventually fall and Rome’s time had come to an end. When discussing the causes of the fall of the Roman Empire one has to see that this occurred over many years and had many different facets. Each issue has to be addressed independently with the understanding that they simultaneously combined to the dissension within the Empire and the falling of the borders that had been established during its height. By the end of the second century AD, the empire encompassed most of the Mediterranean, including Spain, France, most of Britain, Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey, the Middle East, Egypt, and Northern Africa. The collapse of the Roman Empire was a calamity; it leads to the Dark (Middle) Ages. Seeing all the bad that came of it, the destruction of art, the collapse of great cities, the deterioration of the system of roads, the ruin of the Mediterranean trade, and the loss of European unity–it's difficult to imagine any good came of it. But some good did result. The break up of the empire led to the abolition of slavery in Europe. Of course, this, in turn, led to more poverty and the increase of latifundia because the poor people lost their land to the aristocrats. But the slaves were better off as peasants than as slaves. Christianity was a major cause of the fall of Rome. Although Rome had religious tolerance, Romans, especially Jews, didn’t accept Christianity. A lot of people converted to Christianity because they lost faith in the Romans. At first most Christians were Jews but less strict. Many values were different but they still followed Jewish dietary laws and shared many beliefs with the Jews. The early Christians also got circumcised. Even Jesus got circumcised because he was born a Jew. Then he thought he was God’s messenger but many other people during that time also thought that so most people started off not believing him. The Christians started adopting the values that they have today during the time that Saul/Paul was alive. At first he started off as a Jew who hated Jesus and hated the Christians but then he converted and traveled around spreading the thoughts of Christians but he said that Christians didn’t need to follow the Jewish dietary laws and they didn’t need to get circumcised. The Romans and the Jews didn’t like the message that Jesus was spreading so they crucified him. One impact that Jesus had was that more people didn’t want to join the military and they didn’t want to participate in the community. Since the people stopped participating in government and they didn’t join the army, the Roman army composed of the Barbarians from Germany. These Barbarians lead disorganized attacks and even attacked other Roman Barbarian groups. Because of these sloppy attacks, Rome’s army fell and it was no longer the military superpower it was before. Also, many of the lands that Rome had conquered wanted independence and broke free of the Roman Empire. Herbert J. Muller argues in his book Uses of the Past that Rome got rich by conquering new lands and because of trade with new markets and when the Barbarian attacks went unsuccessful they got no more land therefore losing their source of wealth. Edward Gibbon argues the opposite in his book The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. He says that the Roman Empire fell because it was too widespread. He says that there was too much land for the government to govern and because of that the government lost money. By the end of the Roman Empire it was widespread and had many land. By conquering these lands they got many slaves from war and from these new lands. The abundance of slaves lead to the growth of latifundia, large estates owned by the rich. These slaves were willing to work hard for little pay so the rich got richer and the poor grew poorer. The poor coloni [farmers] lost their lands and the aristocrats bought them out. Then the poor farmers went to the city and became dependent on handouts from the government such as free grain. There were many causes for the fall of the Roman Empire. Some causes were the rise of Christianity, the fall of the army, the abundance of slaves and the size of the empire. Because of all these reasons and many more Rome couldn’t survive which lead to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The Eastern Roman empire survived and became the Byzantine Empire. Rome’s fall lead to the Dark Ages but Rome has an impact in our everyday culture because they influenced the Greeks of whose culture we have copied in order to build our own culture.